For the first time, fossil fuels are clearly identified as our main problem
Introduction of the “global stocktake” concept. The stocktake recognizes the science that indicates global greenhouse gas emissions need to be cut by 43% by 2030, compared to 2019 levels, to limit global warming to 1.5°C
The stocktake calls on Parties to take action towards achieving, at a global scale, a tripling of renewable energy capacity and doubling energy efficiency improvements by 2030. The list also includes accelerating efforts towards the phase-down of unabated coal power, phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, and other measures that drive the transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems
There is a “phasing out” phase from subsides to fossil fuels
The pledged Green Climate Fund now reaches 12.8 billion dollars from 31 countries
Pledges for other funds have been increased
Biodiversity has been quoted twice in the premises: “Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including in forests, the ocean, mountains and the cryosphere, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and also noting the importance of ‘climate justice’, when taking action to address climate change” AND “Underlining the urgent need to address, in a comprehensive and synergetic manner, the interlinked global crises of climate change and biodiversity loss in the broader context of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the vital importance of protecting, conserving, restoring and sustainably using nature and ecosystems for effective and sustainable climate action”… …and further in the actions to be taken …
“Further emphasizes the importance of conserving, protecting and restoring nature and ecosystems towards achieving the Paris Agreement temperature goal, including through enhanced efforts towards halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030, and other terrestrial and marine ecosystems acting as sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases and by conserving biodiversity, while ensuring social and environmental safeguards, in line with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework” AND “Reducing climate impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity and accelerating the use of ecosystem-based adaptation and nature-based solutions, including through their management, enhancement, restoration and conservation and the protection of terrestrial, inland water, mountain, marine and coastal ecosystems”
This is, goes without saying, that the Climate Crisis is directly related to Biodiversity Loss through the Global Biodiversity Framework
The definition of “phasing out” from fossil fuels has been replaced by a “transition away” from fossil fuels without a specific timeline
The delegates from the Alliance of Small Island States complained about not being present at the final Plenary which lasted just a few minutes
Expectations on the contribution given by the technologies appear too optimistic
The pledged money on the Green Climate Fund was never really available as expected
The total amount of pledged funds is still very far from the total amount required for transitioning all the countries
Biodiversity was already quoted in a similar way in previous COPs:
It’s not the first time biodiversity is quoted, for instance the sentence “Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including in forests, the ocean and the cryosphere, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and also noting the importance for some of the concept of ‘climate justice’, when taking action to address climate change” was in the final document of the COP26, Glasgow…
The actual application of the agreement depends on the National Determined Contributions, to be delivered before November 2025, COP30 in Brazil. That means the concrete reaching of targets can be jeopardised by inefficient execution plans.
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